SOCIAL WASPS (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Polistinae, Vespinae) OF SIBERIA
V. V. Dubatolov
Siberian Zoological Museum, Institute of Animal Systematics and Ecology, Frunze street, 11, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia
Based on the collections of the Siberian Zoological Museum of the Institute
of Animal Systematics and Ecology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian
Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk, Russia), the ranges of social wasps (Vespidae:
Polistinae, Vespinae) in Siberia and adjacent regions are outlined. Two
species: Vespa dybowskii (Chita Area) and Dolichovespula omissa (Altai
Mts.) are recorded in Siberia for the first time.
KEY WORDS: Vespidae, Vespinae, Polistinae, Siberia.
INTRODUCTION
The social wasps from the European part of the former USSR territory
and in the Russian Far East are well known (Tobias, 1978; Kurzenko, 1995),
while Siberia turned out to be poorly studied, particularly in its West
and Central parts. To fill this gap, I tried to arrange a collection of
this group in the Siberian Zoological Museum (SZMN) based on large formerly
unstudied material comprising more than 1500 specimens of 27 species collected
from the territory of the former USSR and few species from other countries.
The bulk of specimens were occasionally collected in 1950-1990 by Prof.
A. I. Tsherepanov, Prof. G. A. Zolotarenko, N. A. Violovich, Yu. P. Korshunov,
A. Z. Ermolenko, V. K. Stroganova, A. V. Barkalov, V. V. Dubatolov, A.
& R. Dudko, O. E. Kosterin, B. P. Zakharov, V. K. Zintshenko, D. V.
Logunov, S. V. Vasilenko, and some others. Since 1996, a collecting of
wasps became a priority task of the staff of our museum. Apart from the
SZMN collections, we used the material from the Kurgan Pedagogical Institute
(Kurgan, Russia), Ust'-Kamenogorsk Museum of Local Lore, History and Economy
(Ust'-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan) and personal collections of I. A. Artemov
(Novosibirsk).
This study covers the territory from the Urals Mts. and Kazakhtan Hill
Land eastward to Yakutia and Transbaikalia. The common hornets from the
area to the east of the territory at hand were carefully reviewed by N.
V. Kurzenko (1995).
Subfamily Polistinae
Polistes (Polistella) snelleni (Sauss.).
NOTES. The Far Eastern species, in the studied area it was reported
only in Transbaikalia (Buryatia and Chita Area) (Kurzenko, 1995), where,
according to our material, the species inhabits the forest-steppe zone
only (the Argun Basin).
MATERIALS. Chita Area: Chita District; Nerchinskii Zavod District.
Polistes (Polistes) dominulus (Christ) (=P. gallicus auct., nec. L.)
NOTES. A very rare species, recorded few times only in the steppe zone
of West Siberia.
MATERIALS. Kazakhstan: East-Kazakhstan Area: Kurchum Range and District;
Manrak Mts. Russia: Altaiskii Krai Area: Klyuchi.
Polistes (P.) biglumis (L.). (=P. chinensis auct., nec. F.).
NOTES. Rather common in South Siberia, occurred in the forest-steppe
zone, but to the north reaches the southern part of the taiga (forest)
zone. At the same time, the species range is poorly studied. It was recorded
[Kurzenko, 1995] in Russia for the Caucasus, the Altai Mts., southern parts
of the Irkutsk Area, Buryatia and the Amur Area. Also was reported for
the Altai Mts. by I. A. Artemov (1987: sub. P. chinensis) (Artemov's
specimens re-examined). V. I. Tobias (1978) erroneously identified this
species as Polistes chinensis F. and recorded it for the southern
and south-eastern parts of the European Part of the ex-USSR. I studied
3 females from the Astrakhan' Area (Akhtubinskii) and identified them as
“P. chinensis F.” sensu V. I. Tobias [1978] reasoning from the yellow
patches on the mandibulae and the black genae. These specimens were recognized
to be identical to those from S. Siberia. Furthermore, according to N.
V. Kurzenko [1995], P. biglumis L. can be diagnosed by the same
set of characters. So, it is safe to say that this species occurs both
southern part of Europe and throughout the Southern regions of whole Siberia.
MATERIALS. Kazakhstan: East-Kazakhstan Area: Zaisan Hollow, Kurchum
District; Serebryansk vic.; Ulanskii (Nikitinka) District; Manrak Mts.;
Zaisan District. Russia: Chelyabinsk Area: Chebarkul. Novosibirsk Area:
Novosibirsk; Maslyanino District. Altaiskii Krai Area: Kur'ya District;
Pervomaiskii (Novoaltaiskoe) District. Altai Republic: Maima District;
Ongudai District; Lake Teletskoe; the Chulyshman River; lower part of the
Chuya River. Kemerovo Area: Novokuznetsk District: Gornaya Shoriya Mts.;
Tashtagol District. Tuva: Kaa-Khem (Saryg-Sep) District; Tandy (Bai-Khaak)
District; Pii-Khem (Turan) District; Tes-Khem (Samagaltai) District. Chita
Area: Nerchinskii Zavod; Gazimurovskii Zavod District.
Polistes (P.) nimpha (Christ)
NOTES. The most widely distributed species of the genus, occurring only
in the southern parts of the forest-steppe and steppe zones, to the east
of the Argun River basin in Transbaikalia. The males collected from the
Chita Area, where the species is recorded for the first time, showed almost
completely yellow tibia, without traces of black or red patches.
MATERIALS. Kazakhstan: East-Kazakhstan Area: Serebryansk; Glubokoe;
Kurchum Range and District; Zaisan HollowUlanskii (Nikitinka) District;
Markakol' (Alekseevka) District. Russia: Chelyabinsk Area: Krasnoarmeiskii
(Miasskoe) Districte. Kurgan Area: Kurgan; Tselinnoe District; Ketovo District.
Tyumen Area: Tyumen District. Novosibirsk Area: Kuibyshevo District, Om'
River; Chulym District; Kolyvan' District; Ordynskii Distric. Altaiskii
Krai Area: Charyshskoe District; the late Shadrino District (uezd); Petropavlovskoe
District. Altai Republic: Shebalino District; Lake Teletskoe. Khakasia:
Askiz District; Tashtyp District. Tuva: Kyzyl; Tandy (Bai-Khaak) District;
Kaa-Khem District; Ovyur District; Tes-Khem (Samagaltai) District. Buryatia:
Selenga (Gusinoozersk) District; Ulan-Ude District. Chita Area: Chita;
Kyra; Nerchinskii Zavod; Gazimurovskii Zavod District.
Polistes (P.) riparius Sk. et S. Yamane
NOTES. This is a recently described species from the East Asia (Yamane
& Yamane, 1987). According to N. V. Kurzenko (1995), it has been recorded
in Russia from the southern part of the Far East, Transbaikalia and Yakutia.
Females of this species are very similar to those of P. nimpha Christ
but differ in having the slightly longer clypeus, with the character being
poorly marked so that females for the most part cannot be separated. Males
of these species are distinguishable much better: middle and hind tibiae
of P. riparius Sk. et S. Yamane always with black patches, sometimes
completely black. Males of P. nimpha Christ show yellow middle and
hind tibia, without black and red patches. That is why I included only
males into the “Material studied” (see below). Based on the studied specimens,
P.
riparius Sk. et S. Yamane is distributed throughout the southern parts
of West and Middle Siberia, with the westernmost point being the Kurgan
Area; northwards it penetrates into the south taiga zone.
MATERIALS. Kurgan Area. Tomsk Area: Kargasok District. Novosibirsk
Area: Kolyvan' District; Ordynskii District. Altaiskii Krai Area: Petropavlovskoe
District. Kemerovo District: Novokuznetsk District, Gornaya Shoriya Mts..
Khakasia: Tashtyp District. Tuva. Chita Area: Onon District; Nerchinskii
Zavod District; Gazimurovskii Zavod District.
Subfamily Vespinae
Vespa crabro L.
NOTES. Widely distributed in the forest zone; in West Siberia, it was
recorded from the north taiga to the forest-steppe; in East Siberia, it
was not found to the north of the Baikal Lake. In the steppe zone, it is
very rare, there is a single observation in the Altaiskii Krai Area (Klyuchi)
in field-protecting forest stripes; not found in the steppes of South-East
Transbaikalia.
MATERIALS. Kazakhstan: East-Kazakhstan Area: 30 km NE of Ust'-Kamenogorsk;
Serebryansk. Russia: Chelyabinsk Area: Chebarkul' District. Kurgan Area:
Kurgan District; Ketovo District; Polovinnoe District. Tyumen Area: Nizhnyaya
Tavda District; Tyumen and vic. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District: Oktyabr'skoe.
Tomsk Area: Kargasok District; Chainskii (Podgornoe) District; Tomsk. Novosibirsk
Area: Kuibyshevo District; Kolyvan' District; Novosibirsk District: Novosibirsk;
Moshkovo District. Altaiskii Krai Area: Klyuchi; the late Shadrino District
(uezd); Kur'ya District; Charyshskoe District; Barnaul; Petropavlovskoe
District. Altai Republic: Ust'-Koksa District; Teletskoe Lake. Kemerovo
Area: Novokuznetsk District: Gornaya Shoriya Mts. Khakasia: Tashtyp District.
Krasnoyarsk Area: Nature Reserve “Stolby”. Chita Area: Gazimurovskii Zavod
District.
Vespa dybowskii Andre
NOTES. In Siberia, it was first found by me in the Argun River basin
in a larch-birch forest with participation of Quercus mongolicus, i. e.
in the westernmost isolated relic forest of the Mongolian oak, which is
thought to be an indicator species for the Mandshurian type communities.
MATERIALS. Chita Area: Gazimurovskii Zavod District: the Argun valley,
10 km S of Uryupino, 12 VIII 1996 (Dubatolov).
Vespula (Vespula) austriaca (Panz.)
NOTES. This rare species, which is a nest parasite of Vespula rufa
L. (Kurzenko, 1995), was reported from the whole forest zone.
MATERIALS. Ekaterinburg Area: Irbit. Kurgan Area. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous
District: Oktyabr'skoe. Tomsk Area: Asino; Kargasok District. Novosibirsk
Area: NOVOSIBIRSK; Ordynskii District. Altai Republic: Shebalino District;
Kosh-Agach District; Teletskoe Lake. Khakasia: Tashtyp District. Krasnoyarsk
Area: Podkamennaya Tunguska. Chita Area: Chita.
Vespula (V.) rufa (L.)
NOTES. One of the most widespread species. It is distributed from the
northernmost forest plot Ary-Mas in the Taimyr Peninsula, southwards to
the steppe zone, where restricted to forest localities.
MATERIALS. Kurgan Area: Kurgan District; Ketovo District. Tyumen Area
and Distric. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District: Oktyabr'skoe; Nature Reserve
“Yuganskii”. Omsk Area: Cherlak District. Tomsk Area: Asino; Kargasok District.
Novosibirsk Area: Kargat District; Ubinskoe District; Krasnozerskoe District;
Ordynskii District; Kolyvan' District; Novosibirsk and vic.; Moshkovo District;
Maslyanino. Altaiskii Krai Area: Barnaul; the late Shadrino District (uezd).
Altai Republic: Turochak; Lake Teletskoe. Kemerovo Area: Novokuznetsk District,
Gornaya Shoriya Mts.. Khakasia: Tashtyp District. Taimyr: Nature Reserve
“Taimyrskii”. Tuva: Pii-Khem (Turan) District; Kara-Khol'. Irkutsk Area:
Kazachinsko-Lenskii (Kazachinskoe) District. Buryatia: Ulan-Ude District.
Chita Area: Onon District; Gazimurovskii Zavod District; Yakutia: 232 km
of the road from Khandyga to Magadan, upper flow of the Vostochnaya Khandyga
River; 40 km low from Srednekolymsk.
Vespula (Paravespula) germanica (F.)
NOTES. Widely distributed and very common in South Siberia. N. V. Kurzenko
(1995) did not recorded it for the whole Siberia territory, except of Transbaikalia;
while formerly (Kurzenko, 1982) he published a nice distribution map of
this species. In its distribution, it is northwards limited by the south
taiga: Tobolsk, Krasnoyarsk in West Siberia and upper flow of the Shilka
River in Transbaikalia (Kurzenko, 1982).
MATERIALS. Kazakhstan: East-Kazakhstan Area: 30 km NE of Ust'-Kamenogorsk;
Samarskoe District; Ulanskii (Nikitinka) District; Markakol' (Alekseevka)
District. Russia: Kurgan Area: Pritobol'nyi (Glyadyanskoe) District; Lebyazh'e
District; Lis'e; Kurgan; Kurtamysh District; Ketovo District. Tyumen Area:
Tyumen and vic. Omsk Area: Omsk; Cherlak District. Tomsk Area: Kargasok
District; Chainskii (Podgornoe) District; Tomsk District. Novosibirsk Area:
Karasuk; Kuibyshevo District; Novosibirsk. Altaiskii Krai Area: Zarinsk.
Altai Republic: Shebalino District; Teletskoe Lake. Krasnoyarsk Area: Taseevo.
Tuva: Bai-Taiga (Teli) District; Khemchik; Ulug-Khem (Shagonar) District;
Tes-Khem (Samagaltai) District; Erzin District. Buryatia: Kyakhta District.
Chita Area: Chita; Onon District.
Vespula (P.) vulgaris (L.)
NOTES. One of the most widespread species in Siberia ranging from the
forest-tundra to the steppes zone.
MATERIALS. Kurgan Area: Lebyazh'e District; Ketovo District; Kurtamysh
District. Tyumen District. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District: Oktyabr'skoe;
Nature Reserve “Yuganskii”. Tomsk Area: Tomsk; Kozhevnikovo District. Novosibirsk
Area: Kuibyshevo District; Om' River; Kargat District; Kolyvan' District;
Novosibirsk; 40 km E of Novosibirsk; Moshkovo District; Maslyanino. Altaiskii
Krai Area: Kalmanka; Petropavlovskoe District; the late Shadrino District
(uezd). Altai Republic: Gorno-Altaisk; Shebalino District; Ust'-Koksa District;
Kosh-Agach District; Teletskoe Lake. Kemerovo Area: Tyazhin District. Khakasia:
Tashtyp District. Krasnoyarsk Area: Nature Reserve “Stolby”. Tuva: Kyzyl;
Ovyur (Khandagaity) District. Buryatia: Nature Reserve “Baikal'skii”; Baikal;
Selenginskii (Gusinoozersk) District; Ulan-Ude District; Kyakhta District.
Chita Area: Chita; Kyra District; Nature Reserve “Sokhondinskii”; Onon
district; Lake Zun-Torei; Gazimurovskii Zavod District. Yakutia: Yakutsk;
upper flow of the Vostochnaya Khandyga River, 232 km of the road Khandyga-Magadan;
40 km low from Srednekolymsk.
Dolichovespula media (Retz.)
NOTES. Widespread throughout the whole forest zone of Siberia, from
the forest-tundra to forest plots within the steppe zone. Recorded also
from Yakutia (Kurzenko, 1995).
MATERIALS. Kazakhstan: Semipalatinsk Area: Kalguty. Russia: Kurgan
Area: Kurgan District;, Ketovo District; Utyak; Pritobol'nyi (Glyadyanskoe)
District. Tyumen Area and District. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District:
Oktyabr'skoe. Tomsk Area: Kargasok District; Chainskii (Podgornoe) District.
Tomsk. Novosibirsk Area: Krasnozerskoe District; Kolyvan' District; Ordynskii
District; Novosibirsk. Altai Republic: Teletskoe Lake. Kemerovo Area: Novokuznetsk
District: Gornaya Shoriya Mts. Krasnoyarsk Area: Achinsk and vic.; Yenisei
River, Verkhneimbatskoe. Tuva: Tes-Khem (Samagaltai) District. Buryatia:
Kyakhta District. Aginskii Buryat Autonomous District: the Nature Park
“Alkhanai”. Chita Area: Gazimurovskii Zavod District; Nerchinskii Zavod
District.
Dolichovespula adulterina (Buyss.)
NOTES. It is a very rare species in Southern Siberia, but more common
in the north and middle taiga. It ranges throughout the whole forest zone,
from the forest-tundra south to the northern parts of the forest-steppe
zone. Hitherto recorded from Buryatia (Kurzenko, 1995), it being reported
by the same author as a nest parasite of D. saxonica (F.).
MATERIALS. Russia: Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District: the Polar Urals.
Novosibirsk Area: Kolyvan' District. Yakutia: upper flow of the Vostochnaya
Khandyga River, 232 km of the road Khandyga-Magadan.
Dolichovespula omissa (Bisch.)
NOTES. This is an European species, of which a single specimen was first
found in Siberia in the Central Altai Mts., just on the Kazakhstan-Russia
border. It is a nest parasite of D. sylvestris (Scop.) (Tobias,
1978).
MATERIALS. Kazakhstan/Russia: the Altai Mts., the Listvyaga Range,
near the Tesninskii Belok Mt., 2200 m, 27 VII 1997 (R. Dudko & Zintshenko);
Russia: KHAKASIA - new locality, not cited in the paper!
Dolichovespula sylvestris (Scop.)
NOTES. Common in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of South Siberia;
in the south taiga, it is much rarer. The species was not earlier recorded
from West Siberia and was assumed (Kurzenko, 1995) to be restricted only
to the south-eastern parts of Siberia, i.e. to the east of the Irkutsk
Area.
MATERIALS. Kazakhstan: East-Kazakhstan Area: Serebryansk; Katon-Karagai
District; Glubokoe District; 20 km SE of Leninogorsk; Markakol' (Alekseevka)
District; Zaisan Hollow; Tarbagatai District: Manrak Range; Zaisan District:
Saur Range. Russia: Kurgan Area. Tyumen Area and District. Tomsk Area:
Kargasok District; Chainskii (Podgornoe) District; Tomsk. Novosibirsk Area:
Kuibyshevo District; Maslyanino. Altaiskii Krai Area: Charyshskoe District.
Altai Republic: Shebalino District. Kemerovo Area: Yurginskii District;
Gornaya Shoriya. Khakasia: Tashtyp District. Tuva: Tandy District; Ovyur
District; Tes-Khem (Samagaltai) District; Samagaltai; Pii-Khem (Turan)
District. Buryatia: Ulan-Ude District; Kyakhta District. Chita Area: Onon
District.
Dolichovespula pacifica (Birula)
NOTES. A poorly known boreal species, distributed from Norway and Sweden
up to Russian Far East. A. Pekkarinen (1995) treated it as conspecific
to the North American D. Norvericoides (Sladen), but according to latest
check list of subfamily Vespinae of the World (Carpenter & Kojima,
1997) D. pacifica is considered as a separate species. In Siberia,
D.
pacifica was earlier recorded in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District,
Altai Mts., Irkutsk Area, Buryat Republic, the northern parts of Chita
Area and southern parts of the Magadan Area, as well as in East Kazakhstan
and Kyrghyzstan (Pekkarinen, 1995; Kurzenko, 1995). The species is first
recorded in the southern part of West Siberia and Tuva.
MATERIALS. Kazakhstan: East-Kazakhstan Area: Katon-Karagai District;
Zaisan Hollow: Saikan Mts. Russia: Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District: the
Polar Urals. Omsk Area: Omsk. Novosibirsk Area: Novosibirsk. Krasnoyarsk
Area: the Yenisei River, Verkhneimbatskoe; Podkamennaya Tunguska. Tuva:
Tannu-Ola Mts. Irkutsk Area: 23 km S of Slyudyanka.
Dolichovespula norwegica (F.)
NOTES. A widely distributed boreal species being much common in high
mountains and the North, where inhabits the northernmost forest plot in
Taimyr (Ary-Mas). In the forest-steppe zone of West Siberia, it inhabits
peat-moss raised bogs (“ryam”); sometimes penetrates into the steppe zone
(for example, in the Chita Area), where it is rare and occurs in moist
forest floodlands.
Material. Kazakhstan: East-Kazakhstan Area: Katon-Karagai District;
Katunskii Range; Markakol' (Alekseevka) District; Tarbagatai Range. Russia:
Kurgan Area: Kurgan. Tyumen Area: Priural'sk; Tyumen. Yamal-Nenets Autonomous
District: Labytnangi; Shchuch'ya River; the Polar Urals. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous
District: Oktyabr'skoe. Novosibirsk Area: Kuibyshevo District; Novosibirsk.
Altai Republic: Tuskol'; Nature Reserve “Altaiskii”; Lake Teletskoe. Taimyr:
between Noril'sk and Snezhnogorsk; the Laide River, a right tributary of
the Malaya Kheta River; Nature Reserve “Taimyrskii”. Krasnoyarsk Area:
the Yenisei River, Verkhneimbatskoe. Tuva: Ovyur (Khandagaity) District;
Tes-Khem (Samagaltai) District. Irkutsk Area: Slyudyanka District.
Buryatia: Nature Reserve “Baikal'skii”. Chita Area: Nature Reserve “Sokhondinskii”;
Onon District; Aleksandrovskii Zavod District. Yakutia: Yakutsk; the upper
flow of the Vostochnaya Khandyga River, 232 km of the road Khandyga-Magadan.
Dolichovespula saxonica (F.)
NOTES. One of the most common and widespread species occurring from
the forest-tundra to the steppe zone, where it is rare and inhabits forest
localities only; recorded in North-Eastern Kazakhstan for the first time.
Material. Kazakhstan: East-Kazakhstan Area: 1 worker, Ulanskii (Nikitinka)
District: 20 km SE of Nikitinka. Russia: Chelyabinsk Area: Chelyabinsk.
Kurgan Area: Kurgan; Shchuch'e District; Pritobol'nyi (Glyadyanskoe) District.
Tyumen Area: Tyumen District. Tomsk Area: Kargasok District. Novosibirsk
Area: Krasnozerskoe District; Kolyvan' District; Novosibirsk; Moshkovo
District. Altaiskii Krai Area: Zarinsk. Altai Republic: Ongudai District;
Lake Teletskoe; Nature Reserve “Altaiskii”. Kemerovo Area: Tyazhin; Novokuznetsk
District: Gornaya Shoriya Mts.. Khakasia: Shira; Askiz District; Tashtyp
District. Taimyr: between Noril'sk and Snezhnogorsk. Krasnoyarsk Area:
East Sayan: the Kurtushibinskii Range. Tuva: Irbitei. Irkutsk Area: Irkutsk;
Ust'-Kut District. Buryatia: Nature Reserve “Baikal'skii”; Selenginskii
(Gusinoozersk) District; Kyakhta District; the northern part of Baikal;
the Witim table land. Aginskii Buryat Autonomous District: Nature Park
“Alkhanai”. Chita Area: Chita; Nature Reserve “Sokhondinskii”; Onon District;
Gazimurovskii Zavod District; Nerchinskii Zavod.
Acknowledgements
I am grateful to all the colleagues who contributed to the materials mentioned in this paper, to D. Mil'ko (Bishkek, Kirghisia) for help with literature, to I. A. Artemov (Novosibirsk) for a possibility to examine his collection, to O. E. Kosterin (Novosibirsk) for the help with translation of the text into English; to N. V. Kurzenko and S. Y. Storozhenko (Vladivostok) for useful comments and editing the text. I am also grateful to N. A. Utkin (Kurgan) for sending materials of the Kurgan Pedagogical Institute for determination, to V. K. Zinchenko (Novosibirsk) and administration of Ust'-Kamenogorsk Museum of Local Lore, History and Economy (Ust'-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan) for a possibility to work with materials of this museum, and to V. A. Brinikh, a Director of Daurskii Nature Reserve for organization of a very fruitful expedition to the lower Argun' River valley.
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