What is true Ypthima motschulskyi (Lepidoptera, Satyridae)?
V.V.Dubatolov1), A.L.Lvovsky 2)
1) Siberian Zoological Museum, Institute of Animal Systematics
and Ecology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Frunze streeet,
11, Novosibirsk 91, 630091 Russia
2) Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya
nab., 1, St-Petersburg, 199034, Russia
Abstract A status of Satyrus motschulskyi Bremer & Grey is discussed. Lectotypes of Satyrus motschulskyi and Ypthima amphithea are designated, studied and considered as conspecific. A valid name for Y. motschulskyi sensu Elwes & Edwards, 1893 is, thus, Y. multistriata Butler, 1883, stat. rev. A new subspecies, Y. multistriata koreana ssp. n. is described from Korea.
Key words Satyridae, Ypthima motschulskyi, Ypthima amphitea, lectotype, new synonymy, new subspecies, Japan, China, Korea, Primorye territory.
Ypthima motschulskyi (Bremer et Grey, 1852) was only briefly described from the North China, surroundings of Beijing (Peking), as "Satyrus motschulskyi". The type specimen figure has not been figured yet except for poorly known and not good figure of Menetries (1855), and all conclusions about this species of different entomologists have been, therefore, completely subjective.
A few years later Ypthima amphithea Menetries, 1859 was described on the basis of the Maack collection from the Amur River basin, but soon this species was synonymized with Y. motschulskyi by O. Staudinger (1892).
In a first revision of the genus based on the male genitalia structure Elwes and Edwards (1893) accepted this point of view. They published the figure of the male genitalia of Y. motschulskyi and prepared a key to the species. They considered as Y. motschulskyi the specimens from Japan (Nagasaki), Korea (Fusan), China (Kiukiang, Shanghai), which are similar to one another in the male genitalia. Seitz (1906), probably taking account this revision, also regarded all these butterflies as Y. motschulskyi. He published good figures of a male and female.
Following these publications the majority of lepidopterologists who identified Ypthima species by the structure of male genitalia, refer all the butterflies of the type considered to Y. motschulskyi.
Hiura (1969) pointed out that the butterflies from the mainland of Japan and the Japanese island, Tsushima, in the strait of the same name between the Japanese islands and the Korean peninsula differ in the size of the male sexual brand and androconial scales, and considered that they belong to two distinct species. He applied Y. motschulskyi to the Tsushima population, separating the Japanese mainland population as Y. sp.
Murayama (1969) also discovered in his revision of Y. motschulskyi sensu Elwes and Edwards (1893) that specimens from the continental part of East Asia differ from those from Japan. He described Y. niphonica from Honshu, the mainland of Japan, as a new species, with a new subspecies Y. n. tsushimana from Tsushima I. But tsushimana was treated as a subspecies of motschulskyi by Hiura (1970), and later Y. niphonica was united with Y. motschulskyi as a subspecies and tsushimana was included in the nominotypical subspecies of motschulskyi (Fujioka, 1975; Kawazoe & Wakabayashi, 1976). A detailed review of this matter was published by Koiwaya (1994).
It turned out that there are two Ypthima species with similar wing pattern inhabiting Korea: one being Y. motschulskyi sensu Elwes and Edwards (1893), the other Y. obscura Elwes & Edwards, 1893. Later Y. obscura was synonymized with the Amurian Y. amphithea (Uemura, 1980; Lee, 1982). The same point of view was accepted by North Korean lepidopterologists (Chu, Im, 1987).
The works of Russian entomologists were not concordant to these opinions.
Kurentzov (1970 and others) did not distinguish Y. motschulskyi
sensu Elwes & Edwards (1893) and Y. amphithea, probably because
there is only one species of this group in Russian territory. This opinion
penetrated to the catalogues of butterflies of the former U. S. S. R. (Korshunov,
1972; Tuzov, 1993). By the courtesy of V. S. Kononenko and Yu. A. Tshistjakov
in 1994, Dubatolov had a possibility to studied a book of Lee (1982) on
the Korean butterflies. He checked the Russian specimens of Y. motschulskyi
on conspecifity with the two species considered in the cited book, Dubatolov
found out that they are conspecific to Y. amphithea sensu Lee (1982).
All males have no dark androconical spot on fore wing upperside. As a result
of this investigation Korshunov & Gorbunov (1995) imentioned Y.
amphithea only in a handbook of the butterflies of Asian Russia
.
Nevertheless, a question on the proper names of the species of this
group sill remained open since the type specimens of two mentioned taxa
were not studied so far. We have studied the type specimens of Y. motschulskyi
and Y. amphithea, which are preserved in the collection of Zoological
Institute of Russian Academy of Scienses in St.-Petersburg, and designated
the lectotypes.
The lectotype of Y. motschulskyi (fig. 1, 2) had been provided with the following labels: a golden ring, "China" (printed on yellow paper), "coll. Acad. / Petrop." (printed on white paper), and was added with the label "Ypthima / motschulskyi / Lectotypus" (handwriting by A. L. Lvovsky on red paper). The specimen most probably was caught by Mr. or Mrs. Gaschkevitsch, because the material of Mr. Tatarinoff had been preserved in the collection of W. Grey. The male genitalia are shown on Fig. 7.
The paralectotype is conspecific to the lectotype; it had been provided with the label: "k Greya" (collection of Grey, in Russian) and additionaly with a red label with a legend "Paralectotypus".
The lectotype of Y. amphithea (fig. 3, 4) had been provided with the following labels: "Maack.", "coll. Acad. / Petrop." (both printed on white paper), "Lectotypus Ypthima / amphithea Menetries, 1859 / design. Dubatolov et Lvovsky 1996". Its genitalia are shown on Fig. 8.
In the collection of Zoological Institute there are 3 more males of Y. amphithea, with the labels: "Ende Ching[an], 7-10 VII. 1857" and "coll. Acad. Petrop.". Most probably, all these specimens are syntypes, because they were collected before the description of Y. amphithea appeared in 1859 and apparently were in E. Menetries's hands during preparing of the first description.
Maack (1859) wrote in his book that he left Khingan Mountains (the Amur River valley about 100 km upstream of the mouth of the Sungari River) at 21-24 June according to the Julian calendar, which corresponds to 5-8 July of to the Grigorian calendar. Therefore we consider the mentioned specimens to have been collected by Maack expedition.
Although both lectotypes differ somewhat from each other in the wing pattern, from the structure of the male genitalia (Figs 7, 8) they are undoubtedly conspecific with each other and with Y. obscura. So we propose the following synonymy:
Satyrus motschulskyi Bremer et Grey, 1852 = Ypthima amphithea Menetries, 1859, syn. rev. = Ypthima obscura Elwes et Edwards, 1893, syn. n.
However, due to a noticeable difference in wing coloration between the first two taxa, we consider them as different subspecies.
Ypthima motschulskyi motschulskyi (Bremer & Grey, 1852)(Figs 1, 2, 7)
Satyrus motschulskyi Bremer & Grey, 1852, in Motschulskyi,
Etudes
ent. 1: 60; Bremer & Grey, 1853, Beitr. Schmett. nordl.
China: 8; Motschulsky, 1855, Enum. Corp. Anim. 1: 47,
pl. 6, fig. 5.
Ypthima motschulskyi: Fixsen, 1887, in Romanoff, Mem.
Lepid. 3: 310; Ruhl, 1895, Palaeark. Gross-Scmett. ihre Naturgesch.:
570.
Ypthima obscura Elwes & Edwards, 1893, Trans. ent. Soc.
Lond. 1893: 17, pl. 2, fig. 35; Seitz, 1909, in Seitz,
Gross-Schmett.
Erde 1: 92. Syn. n.
Ypthima nareda motschulskyi: Staudinger & Rebel, 1901, Cat.
Lepid. palaearct. Faunengeb. 1: 59.
Ypthima motschulskyi motschulskyi: Kurentzov, 1970. Butterflies
of the Far East USSR: 54.
Ypthima motschulskyi obscura: Kurentzov, 1970. Butterflies
of the Far East USSR: 54.
Ypthima amphithea: Lee, 1982, Butterflies of Korea: 79,
pl. 52, figs 183A-D; Chu & Im, 1987, Butterflies of Korea: 183,
pl. 57, fig. 3.
Ypthima amphithea obscura: Uemura, 1980, in Makibayashi
et
al., [Colln. Pap. 10th Anniv. Takao Seminar]: 212; Uemura, 1982,
Tyo
Ga 35: 135.
Ypthima elongatum Matsumura, 1929, Insecta matsum. 3:
142. Syn. n.
Y. m. motschulskyi (= obscura) is characterized by larger size, fore wing length being 22-23 mm in specimens studied (the wing expance being 40-41 mm), and more distinct marble pattern of the wing underside. This subspecies occurs in North China and Korea (from where 2 male specimens from Pung-Tung, O. Herz leg., from the collection of Zoological Institute, St.-Petersburg, were studied).
Ypthima motschulskyi amphithea Menetries, 1859, stat. rev. (Figs 3, 4, 8)
Ypthima amphithea Menetries, 1859, in Schrenck, Reisen
Forschungen Amur-Lande 2 (1): 41, pl. 3, fig. 10; Ruhl, 1895,
Palaeark.
Gross-Schmett. ihre Naturgesch.: 569; Korshunov & Gorbunov, 1995,
Butterflies
from Asian Part Russia: 116.
Ypthima amphithea amphithea: Uemura, 1980, in Makibayashi
et
al., [Colln Pap. 10th Anniv. Takao Seminar]: 212.
Satyrus motschulskyi: Staudinger, 1871, Cat. Lepid. europ.
Faunengeb. 1: 30, nec Bremer & Grey, 1852.
Ypthima motschulskyi: Staudinger, 1892, in Romanoff,
Mem.
Lepid. 6: 203; Ruhl, 1895, Palaeark. Gross-Schmett. ihre
Naturgesch.: 570; Korshunov, 1972, Ent. Obozr. 51: 147,
nec
Bremer & Grey, 1852.
Ypthima nareda motschulskyi: Staudinger & Rebel, 1901, Cat.
Lepid. palaearct. Faunengeb. 1: 59, nec Bremer &
Grey, 1852.
Ypthima motschulskyi amphithea: Seitz, 1906, in Seitz,
Gross-Schmett.
Erde 1: 92; Kurentzov, 1970, Butterflies of the Far East
USSR: 54; Tuzov, 1993, Syn. List Butterflies ex-USSR: 28.
Y. motschulskyi amphithea is characterized by a small size (fore wing length of the lectotype being 20.5 mm, wing expance - 34 mm), almost even dark ground colour on the hind wing underside, with a network of transversal lines hardly seen. It inhabits Middle Amur and Primorye territories in Russia. The transition zone between this and the former subspecies is still to be found. Besides of the lectotype a number of specimens was studied from the Bikin River, Novokachalinsk, the Sinii Range north from Chernyshevka, Gamov Peninsula and Cape Grebenchatyi (Khasan Region) in a collection of the Siberian Zoological Museum, Institute of Animal Systematics and Ecology, Novosibirsk.
Since it is not possible to use the name Y. motschulskyi for the species formely known by this name (Elwes & Edwards, 1893; Seitz, 1906; Murayama, 1969; Lee, 1982; Chu &, Im, 1987; Koiwaya, 1994) it is necessary to use the oldest name among the remaining names, which were proposed for different subspecies (Uemura, 1980; Inomata, 1980). Hence the valid name becomes Y. multistriata Butler, 1883 (stat. rev.), proposed for the populations from Taiwan and East China. A subspecies that inhabits Korea, North-East and North China (Y. motschulskyi motschulskyi sensu Murayama, 1969) is described here as a new one.
Ypthima multistriata Butler, 1883, stat. rev.
Ypthima multistriata Butler, 1883, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist.
(5) 12: 50; Elwes & Edwards, 1893, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond.
1893:
18, pl. 2, fig. 36.
Ypthima motschulskyi multistriata: Uemura, 1980, in Makibayashi
et
al., [Colln Pap. 10th Anniv. Takao Seminar]: 212.
Ypthima arcuata Matsumura, 1919, Thousand Insects of Japan
(Addit.) 3: 699, pl. 53, fig. 17.
Ypthima motschulskyi: Elwes & Edwards, 1893, Trans. ent.
Soc. Lond. 1893: 16, pl. 2, fig. 34, nec Bremer &
Grey, 1852.
The nominotypical subspecies is characterized by absence of the apical spot and by the presence of the dark androconial spot on the forewing upperside; the tornal spot on the hindwing upperside with light ring. We have not found significant differences in the male genitalic structure between Y. multistriata and other subspecies.
Material. 1 male, Taiwan, Togenkyo, Takao, 1996. 10. 12, H. Mayumi, Dr Kawata bred (received from K. Maeda).
Ypthima multistriata koreana ssp. n. (Fig. 5, 6)
Ypthima motschulskyi: Leech, 1892, Butterflies from China,
Japan and Corea: 88; Elwes & Edwards, 1893, Trans. ent. Soc.
Lond. 1893: 16, pl. 2, fig. 34; Seitz, 1906, in Seitz,
Gross-Schmett.
Erde 1: 92, pl. 34, row b, nec Bremer & Grey, 1852.
Ypthima motschulskyi motschulskyi: Murayama, 1969, Tohoku
Konchu Kenkyu 4: 18, pl. 2, figs. 1-8, text-figs 3, 6, 9, 12,
15, 20, 21; Uemura, 1980, in Makibayashi et al., [Colln
Pap. 10th Anniv. Takao Seminar]: 212; Lee, 1982, Butterflies of
Korea: 78, pl. 52, fig. 182A-D; Chu & Im, 1987, Butterflies
of Korea: 182, pl. 57, fig. 2, nec Bremer & Grey, 1852.
Butterflies of this subspecies (Figs 5, 6) differ from the nominatypical one by the presence of the dark apical ocellus on forewing upperside; from Y. multistriata niphonica by the presence of a dark androconical spot on the forewing upperside in males; from Y. multistriata tsushimana by less expressed pattern of transversal light lines on the wing underside. Unfortunately, we haven't a possibility to study the male genitalia of the Korean subspecies, because two specimens that we have received from K. Maeda have no abdomens.
Material. Holotype. Male, S Korea, Ryukado, Koryo, 1995. 9. 10, Dr. Kawata bred (received from K. Maeda). Paratype. 1 male, the same data as holotype. Both holo- and paratypes are preserved in the collection of the Siberian Zoological Museum, Institute of Animal Systematics and Ecology, Novosibirsk.
Ypthima multistriata niphonica Murayama, 1969, stat. n.
Ypthima niphonica Murayama, 1969, Tohoku Konchu Kenkyu4:
18, pl. 2, figs 9-12, text-figs 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 17; Hiura, 1970, Mem.
natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo 3: 282.
Ypthima motschulskyi niphonica Fukuda et al., 1972, Insects'
Life in Japan 3: 244; Kawazoe & Wakabayashi, 1976, Coloured
Illust. Butterflies of Japan: 270, pl. 59, figs 2a-2c; Uemura, 1980,
in
Makibayashi et al., [Colln Pap. 10th Anniv. Takao Seminar]:
212.
Ypthima motschulskyi: Leech, 1892, Butterflies from China,
Japan and Corea: 88; Elwes & Edwards, 1893, Trans. ent. Soc.
Lond. 1893: 16, pl. 2, fig. 34; Ruhl, 1895, Palaeark. Gross-Schmett.
ihre Naturgesch.: 570, nec Bremer & Grey, 1852.
Ypthima nareda motschulskyi: Staudinger & Rebel, 1901, Cat.
Lepid. palaearct. Faunengeb. 1: 59, nec Bremer &
Grey, 1852.
Ypthima sp.: Hiura, 1969, Spec. Publs Osaka Mus. nat. Hist.1:
80.
Ypthima motschulskyi obscura: Kurentzov, 1970, Butterflies
of the Far East USSR: 54, nec Elwes & Edwards, 1893.
This subspecies is characterized by absence of the dark androconial spot on the forewing upperside in males and by the absence of the light rings around the apical spot of the forewing and the tornal spot of the hindwing upperside.
Material. 3 males, 1 female, Japan, Honshu, Hyogo, Himeji-shi, 1988, 6. 18-20, S. Yamanaka (received from T.Fujioka).
Ypthima multistriata tsushimana Murayama, 1969, stat. n.
Ypthima niphonica tsushimana Murayama, 1969, Tohoku Konchu
Kenkyu 4: 20, pl. 2, figs 13-16, text-figs 2, 5, 8, 11, 14,
18, 19.
Ypthima motschulskyi tsushimana: Hiura, 1970, Mem. natn.
Sci. Mus., Tokyo 3: 282; Fukuda et al., 1972, Insects'
Life in Japan 3: 244.
Ypthima motschulskyi: Hiura, 1969, Spec. Publs Osaka Mus.
nat. Hist. 1: 80, nec Bremer & Grey, 1852.
Ypthima motschulskyi motschulskyi: Fujioka, 1975, Butterflies
of Japan [Text]: 245, 298, pl. 123, figs 42-51; Kawazoe & Wakabayashi,
1976, Coloured Illust. Butterflies of Japan: 270, pl. 59, figs 2d-2f.
This subspecies is characterized by presence of dark androconial spot on the forewing upperside in males, light rings around the spots on the upperside, and by a well expressed pattern of transversal light lines on the wing underside.
Material. 2 males, 2 females, Japan, Tsushima I., Izuhara-machi, Yora-nai-in, 1986. 6. 12, S. Yamanaka (received from T.Fujioka); 2 males, Sasuna, 1991. 10. 20, Dr Kawata bred; 3 males, 1 female, Toyotama, 1995. 9. 13, H. Tanisawa (received from K. Maeda).
Acknowledgments
We would like to express our gratitude to Mr. H. Yoshimoto for valuable advice, searching and preparing copies of the main literature (Elwes, Edwards, 1893; Hiura, 1969, 1970; Murayama, 1969; Uemura, 1980; Koiwaya, 1994); to Dr. K. Maeda for sending a copy of a part of the Inomata's book (Inomata, 1986) on Y. motschulskyi in the old sence and for the specimens of Y. multistriata, Y. mu. koreana, Y. mu. tsushimana; to Prof. Dr. T. Fujioka - for the specimens of Y. mu. tsushimana and Y. mu. niphonica; to Mr. I. I. Lyubechansky and Dr. D. V. Logunov for carrying the type material from St.-Petersburg to Novosibirsk. We are also grateful to Dr. O. Kosterin for useful discussion and correction of the English version of the paper.
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